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全球宏觀經濟與市場6月回顧(Chinese Version Only)

2025-07

01

1

资产表现


过去一个月,各大类资产表现如下:


-股市全球股市上涨,市场波动率有所下降。A股沪深300指数上涨2.5%,上证指数上涨1.2%;港股恒指上涨3.4%,恒生科技上涨2.6%,恒生国企上涨1.9%美股标普500上涨5.0%,道指上涨4.3%,纳指上涨6.6%,美股波动性大幅下降,VIX指数下降12.5%;欧股下跌,欧元区斯托克50指数下跌1.2%,日股日经225指数上涨6.6%;新兴市场指数上涨5.7%。


-债市美债收益率下行。10Y美债利率上涨17BP至4.20%,5Y美债下行16BP至3.96%,2Y美债下行18bp到3.72。中国十债收益率下行6BP至1.71%


-汇率:美元持续走弱。元指数跌2.5%到96.9,美元兑在岸人民币下跌0.5%到7.17;欧元兑美元上涨3.9%到1.2;美元兑日元基本持平


-大宗COMEX黄金下跌0.2%到33075美元/盎司创新高,NYMEX油价涨8.7%


表:全球资产表现(20240531-20250630)

全球资产表现(20240531-20250630).png

数据来源:BLOOMBERG,大成基金,截止2025/6/30


分行业看,全球股市除必需消费指数有下跌之外,其余各行业指数均有上涨。发达国家行业指数中信息技术,电信指数涨幅较大,分贝上涨9.5%和7.0%,仅有必需消费下跌1.7%。新兴市场国家中也是信息技术行业领涨,涨幅达到11.2%。MSCI中国指数中仅有可选消费指数下跌1,7%,信息技术材料涨幅最高,其中信息技术行业上涨超过14.3%。


表:行业指数表现(20240531-20250630

行业指数表现(20240530-20250630).png

数据来源:BLOOMBERG,大成基金,截止2025/6/30



2

资金监测


本周EPFR跟踪的主动外资继续流出,被动转为流入,六月最后一周来看,主动外资继续流出,流出A股1.7亿美元,流出规模与上周基本持平;流出港股和ADR 4.1亿美元(vs. 上周流出3.7亿美元);流出较多的为专注中国和全球新兴市场等类型基金。被动外资转为流入,A股流入4.5亿美元(vs. 上周流出2.0亿美元);港股和ADR大幅流入13.2亿美元(vs. 上周流入3.5亿美元),流入主要是专注中国与新兴市场的基金。南向方面,本周南向资金流入138.9亿港元(vs. 上周流入283.8亿港元),日均流入34.7亿港元(vs. 上周日均流入56.8亿港元),全年南向资金已累计流入7,398.7亿港元。个股层面,上周增持最多为中芯国际、美团与信达生物等,但流出阿里、腾讯与小米等。


数据来源:中金公司宏观数据库1.png数据来源:中金公司宏观数据库2.png数据来源:中金公司宏观数据库3.png数据来源:中金公司宏观数据库4.png

 数据来源中金公司宏观数据库,截止2025/6/30                                         


3

中国

数据跟踪


6月份中国宏观数据稳重向好。物价方面,5月CPI同比-0.1%转负,PPI同比-3.3%,跌幅进一步走扩,物价压力仍大。生产端,5月份制造业PMI达到49.7,处在荣枯线之下,工业产值同比增长5.6%,水泥电力分别同比-8.1%,0.5%,工业生产恢复速度有所放缓。投资端,固定资产投资同比增长3.7%,基建投资同比增长5.6%,房地产投资同比-11.1%,投资端增速也有所放缓。房地产量价仍疲软,70城住宅均价同比下降4.06%,同比跌幅有小幅收窄,新房销售金额累计同比下降3.8%,跌幅进一步走扩,地产结束了年初以来的“小阳春”。十债收益率到1.65%,小幅下降,美元兑人民币汇率7.15,人民币小幅上涨。


表:中国宏观经济数据跟踪  

中国宏观经济数据跟踪6.png

数据来源:BLOOMBERG,大成基金,截止2025/6/30  



4

美国


数据跟踪


6月以来,美国陆续和各地达成关税协议,美国经济出现一定情况的好转。通胀方面,美国4月CPI为2.4%,PCE2.3%,均符合市场预期。美国就业市场表现仍强,6月非农就业人数增长14.7万人,超出市场预期,失业率保持在4.1%相对低位,联储降息预期进一步延后。工业生产方面,美国工业产值月同比增长0.6%,ISM制造业PMI为49,仍在荣枯线以下,耐用品订单收到抢进口影响,同比增长17.4%。消费方面,社零同比上升3.3%,密歇根大学消费者信心指数回升到60.7,美国经济仍仍在软着陆过程中。


表:美国宏观经济数据跟踪

美国宏观经济数据跟踪6.png

数据来源:BLOOMBERG,大成基金,截止2025/6/30  



5

欧元区


数据跟踪


欧元区经济仍然维持恢复较慢,俄乌局势和对美关系仍是核心关注点。物价方面6月欧元区CPI同比2%,小幅上升。就业方面,欧元区失业率6.3%,维持稳定。工业生产方面,工业产值同比增长0.8%,大幅回落。 Markit欧元区制造业PMI回升到49.5,基本持平。4月份欧元区零售销售同比2.3%,小幅回升。货币政策方面,当前欧央行主要在融资利率维持2.15%,三个月Euribor利率下调50bp到1.944%。


表:欧元区宏观经济数据跟踪

欧元区宏观经济数据跟踪6.png

数据来源:BLOOMBERG,大成基金,截止2025/6/30  



6

日本


数据跟踪


日本经济持续弱复苏。工业生产方面,5月份日本工业产值同比-1.8%,同比转为下滑。Markit制造业PMI降至50.1,有所恢复但仍在荣枯线以下。消费方面,社零数据同比增长2.2%,符合市场预期。外贸方面出口同比增速-1.7%,同比增速回落,进口同比-5.9%,也有所回落。物价方面,5月份东京CPI为3.1%,进一步抬升,日本再通胀初见端倪。日本央行1月无担保隔夜拆解利率维持稳定0.48%,美元兑日元汇率维持在144。


表:日本宏观经济数据跟踪

日本宏观经济数据跟踪6.png

数据来源:BLOOMBERG,大成基金,截止2025/6/30  



7

未来一个月重点关注

未来一个月重点关注数据与事件6.png

数据来源:WIND,大成基金,截止2025/6/30  



8

宏观

最近几天市场波动很明显是宏观主导。笔者认为伊以战争尘埃落定后,市场的关注度便会再回到基本面。今年宏观对投资的影响很大,不管是宏观、关税还是地缘政治。但半年回过头来看,虽然在短期的时间维度内市场更关注宏观热点时间;但长期维度来看,宏观的影响深远而复杂(并不是像过去几年押注一个风格就能取胜的)。年初至今不同风格投资收益率均值回归接近(恒指和恒科收益率接近),因此并不是押注一个风格才能取胜,而是更注重个股的Alpha,今年取得投资收益的关键是,组合里是否有“大牛股”(涨幅在50%以上)甚至“翻倍股”,这种公司在指数成分股里却凤毛麟角。这里面不仅有创新药和新消费,也包括老经济里的银行、互联网、矿业等都有这种机会。所以今年alpha是核心,beta是锦上添花的效果,重要的还是选股能力。


美债


中资美元债:2010年体量几百万美元,以中资机构发型为主。2015年开始爆发,随后3年发债规模达千亿美元,主要由地产公司发行。18年开始,地产公司进一步利用境外融资渠道,主要由于18年地产的调控开始,境内融资渠道受限。18年开始,地产公司成为中资美元债第一大发行主体。2021年,美债利率大幅上行,而境内资金利率持续降低,中资美元债发行开始萎缩。截至去年年底,中资美元债规模共7000亿美元,金融29%、地产25%、城投10%,其中投资级34%,投资级价格基本上是同期限美债进行加点,但点差并非一成不变。点差影响因素包括美股、美债、中国境内经济运行情况(如果经济运行良好,点差就会收窄)、人民币汇率(人民币升值,点差收窄)。点差从10年前几百bp降低至当前的100bp以下,最低甚至有几十bp。由于供给受限,这个点差有进一步降低的趋势。目前我们组合中中资美元债占比有6成。


市场看法:上个月展望美债利空较多,但结论是利空过多时不一定就应该得出利空的结论。结果是美债利率从4.6%下降至4.3%。本月联储持续警告通胀反弹的风险,但是通胀实际数据低于预期。目前,潜在的利空是中东的地缘政治。6月6日中东地缘恶化后,美债和境内债市走出两个范式,美债大幅上行、境内大幅下行,这表现了两个经济体对通胀的敏感度以及通胀对经济的影响都不一样。伊以冲突的潜在风险是封锁霍尔木兹海峡。乐观情形下,伊朗出于各方利益的需求,不封锁海峡,则对债市几乎无影响;中性情形下,伊朗持续威胁,但不实际风险,债市已经price in;悲观情形下,局势失控,如果短暂风险,则是加仓的好机会,如果长期封锁,则会伴随其他地缘政治的变化,对于债市可能最终结果不一定是利空。因此情景分析下来看,中东地缘政治对于债市不一定是一个纯粹利空的影响,接下来不用过度担忧。


境内债市:最新经济数据不断提及消费比较亮眼,但是工业增加值和地产持续回落。而且消费受国补的影响,可持续性怀疑。另一方面,人民币汇率进一步升值,因此总结来看,央行进一步宽松预期在提高。



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